可以使用任何一版有APT套件管理的LiveCD來安裝 Linux Mint 18
建議使用基於ubuntu 15.04 以上的版本安裝
genfstab只支援mount-2.25以上的版本
ubuntu 14.xx 以前只能手動建立fstab
範例: Mate
安裝 debootstrap
$ sudo apt-get install debootstrap
或直接下載使用dpkg安裝
$ wget http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_1.0.78_all.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i debootstrap_*.deb
格式化分割區
範例:sda4
$ sudo su
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4 # ext4 格式化工具
# mkswap /dev/sdax # swap 格式化工具
貼上標籤MATE
# e2label /dev/sda4 MATE
掛載安裝目標分割區到/mnt
範例:sda4
# mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
安裝 Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial Xerus base
debootstrap --arch [ARCH] [版本] [掛載目錄] [套件庫來源]
套件庫來源參考
http://wiki.ubuntu-tw.org/index.php?title=%E5%A5%97%E4%BB%B6%E5%BA%AB%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90
安裝64-bit版本
# debootstrap --arch amd64 xenial /mnt http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
安裝32-bit版本
# debootstrap --arch i386 xenial /mnt http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
配置新系統sources
# sed -i '$a deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse' /mnt/etc/apt/sources.list
# sed -i '$a deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse' /mnt/etc/apt/sources.list
# sed -i '$a deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse' /mnt/etc/apt/sources.list
若有獨立的/boot分割區
# mount /dev/sdax /mnt/boot
安裝genfstab
# wget https://projects.archlinux.org/arch-install-scripts.git/snapshot/arch-install-scripts-15.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf arch-install-scripts-15.tar.gz
# cd arch-install-scripts-15
# make
# cp genfstab /usr/bin
# cd ../
建立fstab
# genfstab -U /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab
掛載虛擬檔案系統
# mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
# mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
# mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
# mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
切換到新系統
# chroot /mnt
更新 sources.lst
# apt-get update
安裝 Linux 核心
查看linux-image版本與headers
# apt-cache search linux-image
# apt-cache search linux-headers
# apt-get install linux-image-4.4.0-11-generic
# apt-get install linux-firmware
# apt-get install linux-image-extra-4.4.0-11-generic
# apt-get install linux-headers-4.4.0-11-generic
安裝 Grub Boot loader
如果安裝核心時grub2已經安裝過, 就跳過此步驟.
BIOS
# apt-get install grub2 os-prober
# grub-install --recheck /dev/sda # BIOS/MBR
# grub-install --force /dev/sda # BIOS/GPT
UEFI
# apt-get install grub2 efibootmgr os-prober
# mkdir /boot/EFI
# mount /dev/sda1 /boot/EFI
# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/EFI --bootloader-id=ubuntu --recheck
建立開機選單
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
或
# update-grub
設定主機名稱
範例: localhosts
# echo localhosts > /etc/hostname
設定系統時間
# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
或
# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Taipei /etc/localtime
設定系統顯示時間為localtime(BIOS顯示時間)
# hwclock --systohc --localtime
設定 root 密碼
# passwd
建立使用者帳號與密碼
範例: 帳號名稱: mint
# apt-get install sudo
# useradd -m -g users -s /bin/bash mint
設定密碼
# passwd mint
加入群組
# gpasswd -a mint sudo
# gpasswd -a mint users
sudo免密碼(可選)
# sed -i -e '/%admin/s/ALL=(ALL) ALL/ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL/' /etc/sudoers
# sed -i -e '/%sudo/s/ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL/ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL/' /etc/sudoers
驅動安裝
# apt-get install xorg #顯示/輸入
# apt-get install alsa-utils # 音效卡驅動
# apt-get install ntfs-3g # NTFS File System Support
# apt-get install gvfs # Partition Mount Tools
# apt-get install pcscd pcsc-tools # 晶片讀卡機驅動(可選)
其他工具
# apt-get install pciutils # lspci
# apt-get install xbacklight # 亮度調整工具
# apt-get install genisoimage xorriso # xorriso -as mkisofs
# apt-get install squashfs-tools # squashfs
# apt-get install wget git subversion # NetTools
# apt-get install bash-completion
NetworkManager 面板程式(GTK)
# apt-get install network-manager network-manager-pptp
# apt-get install network-manager-openvpn
ubuntu安裝完基本的xgrg跟驅動後, 直接安裝Meta包可以建立一個只有Mint應用程式的基本圖形界面.
mint-meta-xfce Mint版XFCE圖形界面
mint-meta-kde Mint版KDE圖形界面
mint-meta-mate Mint版MATE圖形界面
mint-meta-cinnamon Mint版Cinnamon圖形界面
安裝MATE桌面
以下參考mint-meta-mate套件修正
一般安裝
# apt-get install mate-control-center mate-desktop mate-menus mate-panel mate-polkit mate-session-manager mate-settings-daemon
# apt-get install mate-applets mate-media mate-notification-daemon mate-power-manager mate-screensaver mate-system-monitor mate-utils
# apt-get install mate-netspeed mate-sensors-applet
# apt-get install mate-common mate-indicator-applet python-mate-menu gnome-system-tools gcalctool
精簡安裝
# apt-get --no-install-recommends install mate-control-center mate-desktop mate-menus mate-panel mate-polkit mate-session-manager mate-settings-daemon
# apt-get --no-install-recommends install mate-applets mate-media mate-notification-daemon mate-power-manager mate-screensaver mate-system-monitor mate-utils
# apt-get --no-install-recommends install mate-netspeed mate-sensors-applet
# apt-get --no-install-recommends install mate-common mate-indicator-applet python-mate-menu gnome-system-tools gcalctool
Mate Caja 右鍵動作功能
# apt-get install caja-actions
Mate 預設應用 (可選)
# apt-get install caja # Mate 預設檔案管理員
# apt-get install pluma # Mate 預設文字編輯器
# apt-get install engrampa # Mate 預設壓縮工具
# apt-get install eom # Mate 預設圖片檢視器
# apt-get install atril # Mate 預設文件檢視器
# apt-get install mate-terminal # Mate 預設終端機
# apt-get install marco # Mate 預設視窗管理員
# apt-get install mozo # Mate 預設選單編輯器
安裝plymouth主題(開機畫面)
# apt-get install plymouth-label
Mint Maya plymouth 主題(可選)
# wget https://github.com/Mint-Fans/linux-package/raw/ubuntu/mint-logo-maya_1.0_all.deb
# dpkg -i mint-logo-maya_1.0_all.deb
Pulse Audio
# apt-get install pulseaudio
滑鼠游標主題
adwaita 游標主題
# apt-get install adwaita-icon-theme-full
或
dmz (ubuntu 預設)
# apt-get install dmz-cursor-theme
佈景主題GTK引擎
# apt-get install gtk2-engines gtk2-engines-murrine gtk2-engines-pixbuf
# apt-get install gtk2-engines-oxygen (可選)
Mate主題 (可選)
# apt-get install gnome-wise-icon-theme
其他 (可選)
# apt-get install firefox firefox-locale-zh-hant (firefox)
# apt-get install flashplugin-installer (Adobe Flash Player)
# apt-get install leafpad (簡易文字編輯器)
# apt-get install gparted (磁碟管理工具)
# apt-get install vlc (VLC 影音播放器)
# apt-get install simple-scan (簡易掃描)
# apt-get install system-config-printer-gnome (列印)
# apt-get install gucharmap (字元對應表)
# apt-get install gnome-calculator (計算機)
# apt-get install pidgin (即時通)
# apt-get install thunderbird (mail)
# apt-get install transmission-gtk (BT續傳)
# apt-get install gnome-font-viewer (字型檢視器)
# apt-get install catfish (搜尋檔案)
# apt-get install banshee (音樂播放器)
# apt-get install gthumb (簡易圖形編輯)
# apt-get install brasero (燒錄工具)
# apt-get install gdebi (套件安裝程式)
=============================================
設定語言
=============================================
# apt-get install locales
# locale-gen zh_TW.UTF-8
# echo LANG=zh_TW.UTF-8 > /etc/default/locale
# sed -i '$a LANGUAGE=zh_TW:zh' /etc/default/locale
# sed -i '$a LC_NUMERIC=zh_TW.UTF-8' /etc/default/locale
安裝中文語言包
# apt-get install language-pack-zh-hant language-pack-zh-hant-base language-pack-gnome-zh-hant language-pack-gnome-zh-hant-base
=============================================
Ubuntu + MATE 桌面到此安裝完成.
如不升級Mint桌面可以裝其他顯示管理器與主題.
=============================================
#############################################
升級 Linux Mint 桌面
#############################################
添加 Linux Mint sarah sources
# cd /tmp
# wget http://packages.linuxmint.com/pool/main/l/linuxmint-keyring/linuxmint-keyring_2009.04.29_all.deb
# dpkg -i linuxmint-keyring_2009.04.29_all.deb
# rm /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/official-package-repositories.list
# sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.linuxmint.com/ sarah main upstream import backport romeo" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/official-package-repositories.list'
# apt-get update
移除ubuntu預設面板
# rm -rf /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/ubuntu-mate.gschema.override
Mint系統套件
# apt-get install mint-info-mate
# apt-get install mint-artwork-gnome
# apt-get install mint-artwork-mate
# apt-get install mintsystem
# apt-get install ubuntu-system-adjustments
# apt-get install grub2-theme-mint
# apt-get install mintmenu # Linux Mint Mate 選單
# apt-get install caja-folder-color-switcher gir1.2-mate-menu # Mint資料夾顏色 (可選)
Mint Firefox 調整修正
# wget https://github.com/Mint-Fans/linux-package/raw/ubuntu/mint-firefox-adjustments.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf mint-firefox-adjustments.tar.gz
# ./mint-firefox-adjustments
Mint Mate 應用程式(可選)
# apt-get install xviewer # Mint 圖片檢視器
# apt-get install xreader # Mint 文件閱讀器
# apt-get install xed # Mint 文字編輯器
安裝 Mint-X 主題
# apt-get install mint-themes
安裝 MDM 顯示管理器
# apt-get install mdm
mdm 背景修復
# wget https://github.com/Mint-Fans/linux-package/raw/ubuntu/mdm-fix.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf mdm-fix.tar.gz
# ./mdm-fix
安裝Mint字形
完整安裝
# apt-get --no-install-recommends install ttf-dejavu ttf-dejavu-extra ttf-wqy-microhei fonts-noto fonts-droid-fallback fonts-liberation
最小安裝
# apt-get install fonts-dejavu fonts-wqy-microhei
Mint 應用程式依賴安裝
# apt-get install python-apt python-dbus
驅動程式管理員依賴
# apt-get install aptdaemon
Mint 應用程式(可選)
# apt-get install mintdesktop # 桌面設定
# apt-get install mintbackup # 備份工具
# apt-get install mintdrivers # 驅動程式管理員
# apt-get install mintinstall # 軟體管理員
# apt-get install mintlocale # 語言設定/輸入法
# apt-get install mintnanny # 網域封鎖器
# apt-get install mintupdate # 更新管理員
# apt-get install mintsources mint-mirrors # 軟體來源
# apt-get install mintupload # 上傳管理員
# apt-get install mintwelcome # 歡迎畫面
# apt-get install mintstick # USB格式化與映像檔寫入工具
/////// 暫時作法 /////////////////////////////
Mint應用程式修復
需要舊版python-apt的gtk2.py
python-apt (trusty-updates)
# wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/p/python-apt/python-apt_0.9.3.5ubuntu2_amd64.deb
or
# wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/p/python-apt/python-apt_0.9.3.5ubuntu2_i386.deb
# dpkg -X python-apt_0.9.3.5ubuntu2_*.deb python-apt
# cp python-apt/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apt/progress/gtk2.py /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apt/progress/
Mint輸入法修復(ubuntu im-config 0.29)
# sed -i 's/echo "$IM_CONFIG_PREFERRED"/# echo "$IM_CONFIG_PREFERRED"/g' /usr/bin/im-config
# sed -i 's/echo "$IM_CONFIG_AUTOBASE"/# echo "$IM_CONFIG_AUTOBASE"/g' /usr/bin/im-config
網域封鎖器修復
# sed -i 's/if domain.startswith/# if domain.startswith/g' /usr/lib/linuxmint/mintnanny/mintnanny.py
# sed -i 's/domain = domain/# domain = domain/g' /usr/lib/linuxmint/mintnanny/mintnanny.py
# sed -i 's/if len(domain.split/# if len(domain.split/g' /usr/lib/linuxmint/mintnanny/mintnanny.py
# sed -i 's/prefixes.append/# prefixes.append/g' /usr/lib/linuxmint/mintnanny/mintnanny.py
////////////////////////////////////////////
Mint應用程式鑰匙圈密碼解除
# sed -i 's/Exec=mintnanny/Exec=sudo mintnanny/g' /usr/share/applications/mintNanny.desktop
# sed -i 's/Exec=mintbackup/Exec=sudo mintbackup/g' /usr/share/applications/mintBackup.desktop
# sed -i 's/Exec=software-sources/Exec=sudo software-sources/g' /usr/share/applications/mintsources.desktop
# sed -i 's/Exec=gksu mintinstall/Exec=sudo mintinstall/g' /usr/share/applications/mintinstall.desktop
# sed -i 's/Exec=gksu/Exec=sudo/g' /usr/share/mdm/applications/mdmsetup.desktop
Mint 桌布 (可選)
# apt-get install mint-backgrounds-rosa
# apt-get install mint-backgrounds-retro
# apt-get install mint-backgrounds-rebecca
# apt-get install mint-backgrounds-rafaela
# apt-get install mint-backgrounds-qiana
# apt-get install mint-backgrounds-petra
# apt-get install mint-backgrounds-olivia
# apt-get install mint-backgrounds-nadia
# apt-get install mint-backgrounds-maya
Mint 開發工具 (可選)
# apt-get install mint-dev-tools
Mint 多媒體應用
參考 mint-meta-codecs
解碼器
新版
# apt-get install gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly streamer1.0-libav
舊版
# apt-get install gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
DVD Utility
# apt-get install libdvdnav4 libdvdread4
xplayer 播放器「Totem 3.10 復刻版」 (可選)
# apt-get install xplayer xplayer-mozilla xplayer-plugins
Live CD 工具 (可選)
# apt-get install syslinux syslinux-legacy
# apt-get install syslinux-themes-linuxmint-mate
#############################################
# apt-get autoremove
# apt-get autoclean
# apt-get clean all
退出
# exit
卸載虛擬檔案系統
# umount /mnt/dev/pts
# umount /mnt/dev
# umount /mnt/proc
# umount /mnt/sys
若有掛載獨立的 /boot 分割區
# umount /mnt/boot
卸載最後裝置
# umount -l /mnt
# exit
重新啟動
=============================================
系統設定
=============================================
終端機提示字元色彩
$ wget https://github.com/Mint-Fans/linux-package/raw/ubuntu/mate-terminal-color.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf mate-terminal-color.tar.gz
$ sudo ./terminal-color
Ubuntu MATE 自訂桌面調整(Ubuntu Mate面板+Mint-X主題, Mint面板勿用)
$ wget https://github.com/Mint-Fans/linux-package/raw/ubuntu/mate-desktop-adjustments.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf mate-desktop-adjustments.tar.gz
$ sudo ./mate-desktop-adjustments
Linux Mint Mate 自訂桌面調整 (Linux Mint Mate)
$ wget https://github.com/Mint-Fans/linux-package/raw/ubuntu/mint-mate-desktop-adjustments.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf mint-mate-desktop-adjustments.tar.gz
$ sudo ./mint-mate
Linux Mint Mate utility (Caja右鍵腳本)
$ wget https://github.com/Mint-Fans/linux-package/raw/ubuntu/mate-utility.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf mate-utility.tar.gz
$ sudo ./mate-utility
應用程式鑰匙圈密碼解除
$ sudo sed -i -e '/allow_active/s/auth_admin/yes/' /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/com.ubuntu.pkexec.gparted.policy
$ sudo sed -i -e '/allow_active/s/auth_admin/yes/' /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/com.ubuntu.pkexec.synaptic.policy
$ sudo sed -i -e '/allow_active/s/auth_admin_keep/yes/' /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/org.freedesktop.udisks2.policy
----------------------
移除Mint更新程式開機自動啟動
$ sudo rm /etc/xdg/autostart/mintupdate.desktop
應用程式啟動器隱藏/顯示設定
$ sudo sed -i '/NoDisplay=true/d' /usr/share/applications/gksu.desktop
$ sudo sed -i '$a NoDisplay=true' /usr/share/applications/fcitx.desktop
$ sudo sed -i '$a NoDisplay=true' /usr/share/applications/fcitx-configtool.desktop
$ sudo sed -i '$a NoDisplay=true' /usr/share/mate/applications/software-properties-gtk.desktop
$ sudo sed -i '$a NoDisplay=true' /usr/share/mate/applications/language-selector.desktop
Mint deb icon 修復
$ sudo su
# wget https://github.com/Mint-Fans/linux-package/raw/ubuntu/mint-x-icons-fix
# chmod 755 ./mint-x-icons-fix
# ./mint-x-icons-fix
更新應用程式關聯設定
# update-mime-database /usr/share/mime/
# update-desktop-database /usr/share/applications/
更新 schemas
# glib-compile-schemas /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas
設定螢幕亮度與伽瑪
$ sudo leafpad /usr/bin/display-setup
====內容==============
#!/bin/bash
xbacklight -set 80
xgamma -gamma 0.7
======================
$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/display-setup
$ sudo leafpad /etc/xdg/autostart/display-setup.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Display Setup
Comment=Launch Display Setup
Icon=preferences-desktop-screensaver
Exec=display-setup
系統應用缺圖修正
安裝faenza圖示與mint風格較為接近
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/icons
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install faenza-icon-theme
$ sudo sed -i 's/Inherits=gnome/Inherits=Faenza,gnome/g' /usr/share/icons/Mint-X/index.theme
faenza指示器鍵盤圖示
$ cd /usr/share/icons/Faenza/devices/22/
$ sudo mv input-keyboard.png bak-input-keyboard.png
$ sudo cp keyboard.png input-keyboard.png
$ cd /usr/share/icons/Faenza/devices/24/
$ sudo mv input-keyboard.png bak-input-keyboard.png
$ sudo cp keyboard.png input-keyboard.png
$ sudo update-icon-caches /usr/share/icons/Faenza
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